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Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria

Received: 16 June 2020     Accepted: 28 June 2020     Published: 28 July 2020
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Abstract

The threat to humans, animals, and plants life by pollution due to gas flare and oil and gas industrial activities cannot be overemphasized. This study compared the hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulation in cassava tubers harvested from four different locations in Rivers State. The study areas include Rukpoku, Rivers State University (RSU) farm, Eleme community and Nkpolu-Oroworukwo community. Cassava tubers were collected from farms located in the aforementioned areas, prepared and analyzed for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contents. Standard spectro-analytical method was used to determine the concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total polycyclic hydrocarbon (TPH) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) were analyzed using standard chromatographic procedure. Results obtained from the analyses revealed the presence of heavy metals in all the samples in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. Pb was not detected in the entire sample analyzed, Mn was below the permissible range, while Zn, Fe and Cu were above the permissible range. TPH was detected in all samples analyzed in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. RSU farm had the least concentration of PAH, While BTEX was not detected in all samples analyzed. The results suggest the presence of heavy metals and hydrocarbons (anthracene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, benz (b) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene) in cassava tubers harvested from the study locations, but with greatest accumulation in samples from Eleme community and least in those from RSU farm. Consumption of such crops could pose health challenges to the consumers over time.

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12
Page(s) 23-28
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hydrocarbon, Heavy Metals, Cassava, Eleme Community, Rivers State University Farm

References
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[2] FAOSTAT (2010). Food and agricultural Commodities production. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Statistics Database.
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[4] Odokuma, L. O. (2009). Effect of cultural Age and Biomass Concentration on Heavy Metal uptake by three Axenic Bacterial Cultures. Advances in Applied Science 3 (3): 339-349.
[5] Idodo-Umeh, E. W. G. and Ogbeibu, A. E. (2010). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in cassava tubers and plantain fruits grown in soil impacted with petroleum and non-petroleum activities. Research journal of Environmental Sciences. 4 (1): 33-41.
[6] Hong, A. H., Law, P., Ling, S. and Onni, S. (2014). Heavy metal concentration levels in soil at Lake Geriyo irrigation site, Yola, Adamawa state, North Eastern Nigeria. International journal of Environmental monitoring and analysis. 2 (2): 106-111.
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[8] Nwaichi, E. O., Frac, M., Nwoha, P. A. and Eragbor, P. (2015). Enhanced phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted soil by four plant species: effect of inorganic and organic bioaugmentation. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 17 (12): 12531261.
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[12] Odinga, T. B., Ayalogu, E. O. and Essien, E. B. (2015). Physicochemical and hydrocarbon content of effluent from port Harcourt refining company and its effect on renal function of albino rats. Journal Research in environmental Science and technology 4 (2): 028-031. DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/jrest.2015.132.
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[14] Gibson, D. T. and Parales, R. (2000). Aromatic hydrocarbon dioxygenases in environmental biotechnology. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 11: 236–243.
[15] Ogbonna, D. N., Ekweozor, I. K. E., Nrior, R. R. and Ezinwo, F. E. (2019). Evaluation of Organic Nutrient Supplements and Bioaugmenting Microorganisms on Crude Oil Polluted Soils. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 38 (6): 1-19, DOI: 10.9734/CJAST/2019/v38i630395.
[16] Naluba, G. N. and Arokoyu, S. B. (2015). Evaluation of local government headquarters as regional development centers in Rivers state, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology. 2 (11): 2313-3759.
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[21] Mgbemena, N. M., Ilechukwu, I., Ubadi, J. O. and Ndukwe, G. I. (2017). Status of heavy metals pollution in the sediments of the new Calabar river in Rivers state, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria. 42 (2): 84-87.
[22] Nwaichi, E. O., Wegwu, M. O. and Nwosu, U. L. (2014). Distribution of selected carcinogenic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in an oil polluted agricultural zone. EMAS; 186 (12): 8607-8706.
[23] Ilechukwu, I., Osuji, L. C., Onyema, M. O. and Ndukwe, G. I. (2016). Occurrence and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons in soils within the vicinity of hot mix asphalt plants in Obigbo and Igwuruta areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 20 (4): 1087-1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i4.24.
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    Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma, Odinga Tamuno-boma, Gabriel-Brisibe Christine Umanu, George Damiete Amabinba, Fou Erekedoumene. (2020). Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 5(2), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12

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    ACS Style

    Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma; Odinga Tamuno-boma; Gabriel-Brisibe Christine Umanu; George Damiete Amabinba; Fou Erekedoumene. Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2020, 5(2), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12

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    AMA Style

    Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma, Odinga Tamuno-boma, Gabriel-Brisibe Christine Umanu, George Damiete Amabinba, Fou Erekedoumene. Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2020;5(2):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12,
      author = {Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma and Odinga Tamuno-boma and Gabriel-Brisibe Christine Umanu and George Damiete Amabinba and Fou Erekedoumene},
      title = {Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {23-28},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20200502.12},
      abstract = {The threat to humans, animals, and plants life by pollution due to gas flare and oil and gas industrial activities cannot be overemphasized. This study compared the hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulation in cassava tubers harvested from four different locations in Rivers State. The study areas include Rukpoku, Rivers State University (RSU) farm, Eleme community and Nkpolu-Oroworukwo community. Cassava tubers were collected from farms located in the aforementioned areas, prepared and analyzed for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contents. Standard spectro-analytical method was used to determine the concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total polycyclic hydrocarbon (TPH) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) were analyzed using standard chromatographic procedure. Results obtained from the analyses revealed the presence of heavy metals in all the samples in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. Pb was not detected in the entire sample analyzed, Mn was below the permissible range, while Zn, Fe and Cu were above the permissible range. TPH was detected in all samples analyzed in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. RSU farm had the least concentration of PAH, While BTEX was not detected in all samples analyzed. The results suggest the presence of heavy metals and hydrocarbons (anthracene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, benz (b) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene) in cassava tubers harvested from the study locations, but with greatest accumulation in samples from Eleme community and least in those from RSU farm. Consumption of such crops could pose health challenges to the consumers over time.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Accumulation in Cassava Tubers Harvested from Four Different Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria
    AU  - Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma
    AU  - Odinga Tamuno-boma
    AU  - Gabriel-Brisibe Christine Umanu
    AU  - George Damiete Amabinba
    AU  - Fou Erekedoumene
    Y1  - 2020/07/28
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12
    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 23
    EP  - 28
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20200502.12
    AB  - The threat to humans, animals, and plants life by pollution due to gas flare and oil and gas industrial activities cannot be overemphasized. This study compared the hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulation in cassava tubers harvested from four different locations in Rivers State. The study areas include Rukpoku, Rivers State University (RSU) farm, Eleme community and Nkpolu-Oroworukwo community. Cassava tubers were collected from farms located in the aforementioned areas, prepared and analyzed for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contents. Standard spectro-analytical method was used to determine the concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total polycyclic hydrocarbon (TPH) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) were analyzed using standard chromatographic procedure. Results obtained from the analyses revealed the presence of heavy metals in all the samples in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. Pb was not detected in the entire sample analyzed, Mn was below the permissible range, while Zn, Fe and Cu were above the permissible range. TPH was detected in all samples analyzed in the order Eleme > Nkpolu-Oroworukwo > Rukpoku > RSU farm. RSU farm had the least concentration of PAH, While BTEX was not detected in all samples analyzed. The results suggest the presence of heavy metals and hydrocarbons (anthracene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz (a) anthracene, benz (b) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene) in cassava tubers harvested from the study locations, but with greatest accumulation in samples from Eleme community and least in those from RSU farm. Consumption of such crops could pose health challenges to the consumers over time.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

  • Department of Environmental Management and Control, Institute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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