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Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus

Received: 13 April 2021     Accepted: 10 July 2021     Published: 16 July 2021
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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are continuously released into the aquatic environment mostly as wastewater effluents through sewage treatment plants, run-offs, effluents from pharmaceutical manufacturing companies etc. This results in chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. Although, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment are usually in ngL-1 to mg L-1 range, they are not likely to result in lethal toxicity. Nevertheless, extended and unabated exposure to low concentrations of drugs could lead to sublethal effects or even multigenerational effects. The aim of this study was to seek to improve the understanding of the effects of prolonged low-level exposure of Asellus aquaticus (aquatic macro-invertebrates) to mixtures of erythromycin, diclofenac and ibuprofen. On exposure to the mixture, growth rate decreased, feed intake was reduced but mortality was not significant for A. aquaticus. The effects of these pharmaceuticals on the growth, feeding and mortality of the test animal were as a result of the actions of the drugs and not attributed to a more general stress response. Although pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health their usage and discharge to the aquatic environment coupled with their ecotoxicity to aquatic life may lead to ecological problems in the near future. Furthermore, this research confirms the suitability of the test species (A. aquaticus) as ecotoxicological test species that is both amenable to laboratory culture and sufficiently sensitive to provide reliable quantification of environmental risk.

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11
Page(s) 41-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pharmaceuticals, Sub-lethal, Asellus Aquaticus, Mixture Toxicity, Ecotoxicology

References
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Cite This Article
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    Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael. (2021). Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 6(3), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11

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    Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael. Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2021, 6(3), 41-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11

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    AMA Style

    Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael. Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2021;6(3):41-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11,
      author = {Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael},
      title = {Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {41-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20210603.11},
      abstract = {Pharmaceuticals are continuously released into the aquatic environment mostly as wastewater effluents through sewage treatment plants, run-offs, effluents from pharmaceutical manufacturing companies etc. This results in chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. Although, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment are usually in ngL-1 to mg L-1 range, they are not likely to result in lethal toxicity. Nevertheless, extended and unabated exposure to low concentrations of drugs could lead to sublethal effects or even multigenerational effects. The aim of this study was to seek to improve the understanding of the effects of prolonged low-level exposure of Asellus aquaticus (aquatic macro-invertebrates) to mixtures of erythromycin, diclofenac and ibuprofen. On exposure to the mixture, growth rate decreased, feed intake was reduced but mortality was not significant for A. aquaticus. The effects of these pharmaceuticals on the growth, feeding and mortality of the test animal were as a result of the actions of the drugs and not attributed to a more general stress response. Although pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health their usage and discharge to the aquatic environment coupled with their ecotoxicity to aquatic life may lead to ecological problems in the near future. Furthermore, this research confirms the suitability of the test species (A. aquaticus) as ecotoxicological test species that is both amenable to laboratory culture and sufficiently sensitive to provide reliable quantification of environmental risk.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus
    AU  - Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael
    Y1  - 2021/07/16
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11
    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 41
    EP  - 49
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210603.11
    AB  - Pharmaceuticals are continuously released into the aquatic environment mostly as wastewater effluents through sewage treatment plants, run-offs, effluents from pharmaceutical manufacturing companies etc. This results in chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. Although, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment are usually in ngL-1 to mg L-1 range, they are not likely to result in lethal toxicity. Nevertheless, extended and unabated exposure to low concentrations of drugs could lead to sublethal effects or even multigenerational effects. The aim of this study was to seek to improve the understanding of the effects of prolonged low-level exposure of Asellus aquaticus (aquatic macro-invertebrates) to mixtures of erythromycin, diclofenac and ibuprofen. On exposure to the mixture, growth rate decreased, feed intake was reduced but mortality was not significant for A. aquaticus. The effects of these pharmaceuticals on the growth, feeding and mortality of the test animal were as a result of the actions of the drugs and not attributed to a more general stress response. Although pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health their usage and discharge to the aquatic environment coupled with their ecotoxicity to aquatic life may lead to ecological problems in the near future. Furthermore, this research confirms the suitability of the test species (A. aquaticus) as ecotoxicological test species that is both amenable to laboratory culture and sufficiently sensitive to provide reliable quantification of environmental risk.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Fisheries Technology, Aquatic Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria

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