| Peer-Reviewed

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW

Received: 10 October 2022     Accepted: 3 November 2022     Published: 29 December 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
Page(s) 65-70
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract, Ameliorate, Behavior Toxicity, Median Lethal Toxicity, Hetereoclarias Hybrid, Disclosure, Cassava Wastewater

References
[1] Parmar, A., Sturm, B., & Hensel, O. (2017). Crops that feed the world: Production and improvement of cassava for food, feed, and industrial uses. Food Security, 9 (5), 907-927.
[2] Udoro, E. O., Anyasi, T. A., & Jideani, A. I. O. (2021). Process-induced modifications on quality attributes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour. Processes, 9 (11), 1891.
[3] Olukunle, O. J. (2005, October). Development of a cassava peeling machine. In Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development, Tropentag Stuttgart-Hohenheim. October (pp. 11-13).
[4] Kamal, A. R., & Oyelade, O. A. (2010). Present status of cassava peeling in Nigeria. Journal of agricultural Engineering and technology, 18 (2), 7-13.
[5] Saikeaw, N., Rungsardthong, V., Pornwongthong, P., Vatanyoopaisarn, S., Thumthanaruk, B., Pattharaprachayakul, N., & Uttapap, D. (2021). Preparation and properties of biodegradable cat litter produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta L. Crantz) trunk. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 302). EDP Sciences.
[6] Beakou, B. H., El Hassani, K., Houssaini, M. A., Belbahloul, M., Oukani, E., & Anouar, A. (2017). A novel biochar from Manihot esculenta Crantz waste: application for the removal of Malachite Green from wastewater and optimization of the adsorption process. Water Science and Technology, 76 (6), 1447-1456.
[7] Adewoye, S. O., Fawole, O. O., Owolabi, O. D., & Omotosho, J. S. (2005). Toxicity of cassava wastewater effluents to African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 28 (2), 189-194.
[8] Oghenejoboh, K. M. (2015). Effects of cassava wastewater on the quality of receiving water body intended for fish farming. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 6 (2), 164.
[9] Wade, J. W., Omoregie, E., & Ezenwaka, I. (2002). Toxicity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) effluent on the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Aquatic sciences, 17 (2), 89-94.
[10] Oyewo, O. A., Elemike, E. E., Onwudiwe, D. C., & Onyango, M. S. (2020). Metal oxide-cellulose nanocomposites for the removal of toxic metals and dyes from wastewater. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 164, 2477-2496.
[11] Sharma, K., Kumar, M., Waghmare, R., Suhag, R., Gupta, O. P., Lorenzo, J. M., & Kennedy, J. F. (2022). Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization, bioactivities, and industrial application. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.
[12] Kebede, T. G., Mengistie, A. A., Dube, S., Nkambule, T. T., & Nindi, M. M. (2018). Study on adsorption of some common metal ions present in industrial effluents by Moringa stenopetala seed powder. Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 6 (1), 1378-1389.
[13] Suhartini, S., Hidayat, N., & Rosaliana, E. (2013). Influence of powdered Moringa oleifera seeds and natural filter media on the characteristics of tapioca starch wastewater. International journal of recycling of organic waste in agriculture, 2 (1), 1-11.
[14] Owodunni, A. A., & Ismail, S. (2021). Revolutionary technique for sustainable plant-based green coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment—A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 42, 102096.
[15] APHA (American Public Health Association, American Water works Association and Water Environmental Federation), 2005. Standard Methods of Examination of water and Wastewater. 21st ed. APHA, Washington DC, pp 20001-23710.
[16] Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press, London. Pp 123-125.
[17] CCREM (Canadian Council of Resources and Environmental Ministry). 1991. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines: Canadian Council of Resouces and Environmental Ministry, Ottawa: Inland Waters Directorate, Environment, Canada.
[18] Gautam, R. K., Banerjee, S., Gautam, P. K., & Chattopadhyaya, M. C. (2014). Remediation technologies for phosphate removal from wastewater: an overview. Adv. Environ. Res, 36 (1).
[19] Adekunle, I. M., Arowolo, T. A., Omoniyi, I. T., & Olubambi, O. T. (2007). Risk assessment in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to cassava effluent. Chemistry and Ecology, 23 (5), 383-392.
[20] ADAMU, H. (2021). COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL FEED AND FORMULATED DIETS ON THE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF HETEROBRANCHUS BIDORSALIS (CATFISH) FINGERLINGS (Doctoral dissertation).
[21] Adeyemo, O. K. (2005). Haematological and histopathological effects of cassava mill effluent in Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 8 (3), 179-183.
[22] Oseni, K. (2015). Acute and sub lethal effect of potassium cyanide on the behaviour and ATPase enzyme activity in the freshwater fish, Clarias gariepinus (Catfish). International Letters of Natural Sciences, 49.
[23] Davis, S., Murray, J., & Katsiadaki, I. (2017). Cyanide in the aquatic environment and its metabolism by fish. A Report to Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association, UK.
[24] Vieira, A. M. S., Vieira, M. F., Silva, G. F., Araújo, Á. A., Fagundes-Klen, M. R., Veit, M. T., & Bergamasco, R. (2010). Use of Moringa oleifera seed as a natural adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Water, air, and soil pollution, 206 (1), 273-281.
[25] Nand, V., Maata, M., Koshy, K., & Sotheeswaran, S. (2012). Water purification using moringa oleifera and other locally available seeds in Fiji for heavy metal removal. International Journal of Applied, 2 (5), 125-129.
[26] Villaseñor-Basulto, D. L., Astudillo-Sánchez, P. D., del Real-Olvera, J., & Bandala, E. R. (2018). Wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera Lam seeds: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 23, 151-164.
[27] Kumar, V., Othman, N., & Asharuddin, S. (2017). Applications of natural coagulants to treat wastewater− a review. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 103, p. 06016). EDP Sciences.
[28] Njewa, J., Vunain, E., & Biswick, T. (2021). Wastewater clarification and microbial load reduction using agro-forestry and agricultural wastes. Tanzania Journal of Science, 47 (1), 19-33.
[29] Matouq, M., Jildeh, N., Qtaishat, M., Hindiyeh, M., & Al Syouf, M. Q. (2015). The adsorption kinetics and modeling for heavy metals removal from wastewater by Moringa pods. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3 (2), 775-784.
[30] Kowanga, K. D., Gatebe, E., Mauti, G. O., & Mauti, E. M. (2016). Kinetic, sorption isotherms, pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model studies of Cu (II) and Pb (II) using defatted Moringa oleifera seed powder. The journal of phytopharmacology, 5 (2), 71-78.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. (2022). Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 7(4), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi; Agbo Aderonke Nana; Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe; Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2022, 7(4), 65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2022;7(4):65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12,
      author = {Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi and Agbo Aderonke Nana and Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe and Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike},
      title = {Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {65-70},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20220704.12},
      abstract = {The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW
    AU  - Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi
    AU  - Agbo Aderonke Nana
    AU  - Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe
    AU  - Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike
    Y1  - 2022/12/29
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 65
    EP  - 70
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
    AB  - The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Kaduna, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria

  • Department of Agronomy and Ecological Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria

  • Sections